Theory 4: All Existence Is Eternal and Everlasting, Just as Numbers Are Infinite

This philosophical proposition can be examined from several angles.

Philosophically, it closely resembles ideas from ancient Greek philosophers such as Parmenides, who held that being neither comes into existence nor passes away. Spinoza likewise developed the concept of the eternity of substance, whether called God or Nature.

From the standpoint of modern physics, the law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed. Yet the theory of cosmic expansion and the Big Bang model suggest that our observable universe did have a beginning.

As for the comparison with the infinity of numbers: it is an intriguing analogy, since numbers are abstract, unbounded concepts. But it is worth noting that mathematical infinity differs fundamentally from eternity within a physical universe.

The important point is that modern science still cannot state with certainty whether existence as a whole is eternal or not, since we only know the observable portion of the universe.

Theory 4: All Existence Is Eternal and Everlasting, Just as Numbers Are Infinite

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